Which option is the best for you will really depend on our goals as a trader. The spreads do tend to be tighter with ECN brokers. This is ideal for forex. In traders Forex community it is a widely accepted to reckon brokers that directly send all orders to one or more liquidity providers among A-book brokers. This. NDD - No Dealing Desk: An NDD forex broker provides direct access to the interbank market; it can be an STP or STP+ECN broker (see below for STP and ECN broker. CRYPTOCURRENCY EXCHANGE VOLUME BY COUNTRY

Another benefit of the ECN is that it enables investors to trade outside conventional trading hours. This is a great solution for people who cannot afford to actively participate in the markets during normal trading hours or are merely looking for broader availability and more flexibility. The ECN model offers several other advantages from the perspective of retail traders, including lower spreads, faster execution of the orders, improved liquidity, and price transparency.

The ECN also enables financial institutions to decrease their overall costs because it reduces manual effort. Such systems were first devised in the early s and were intended for use on the equity trading markets. The biggest benefit of the STP is that obviously it saves time.

The orders are processed in real-time. They are sent directly from the trader to different liquidity providers in the interbank markets without any intervention from the brokers. The orders do not pass through dealing desks in this case. In turn, this prevents requotes and order execution delays.

The STP system comes with several advantages including shorter processing times, decreased settlement risk, and lower operational costs. One interesting thing here is they combine the characteristics of ECN brokers and market makers. Their method of operation is a bit complicated so read carefully if you want to learn more about STP brokers and how they work. These could be large banks, counter-party investors, major investment corporations or hedge funds. An STP broker silently connects traders straight with the interbank market.

The absence of a middleman eliminates delays in filling the orders along with the need to issue requotes. Since customers have direct market access in this case, their orders are filled at the most competitive prices. This leads us to the question of how do STP brokers earn money? The mark-up, on the other hand, is usually fixed.

Also common for STP brokers is to allow their customers to execute trades during financial news releases, which is something that cannot be said about dealing-desk market makers. This, in combination with the lightening speed of order execution, renders STP brokers the perfect choice for scalpers and news traders. There is more anonymity and zero conflict of interest here.

STP brokers aggregate buy and sell prices from multiple liquidity providers, adding the nominal mark-up we talked about earlier. A trader then places their order and the brokerage transfers it to one of their numerous liquidity providers, retaining the profits from the tiny difference in the spread. Respectively, if the liquidity providers increase their spreads, the STP broker would respond by widening theirs with a larger markup.

Investors are, in essence, trading against fellow market participants rather than the brokerage, which has no benefit from the losses of its customers. In fact, it is the opposite. If the clients of an STP broker lose too much money, they would cease placing new orders and the broker would no longer earn money consistently from the market. You can probably guess already why an increasing number of traders prefer to use the services of STP brokers.

However, straight-through processing systems are beneficial to brokers as well for several reasons. The first and most compelling reason has to do with the reduction in operational costs. Using an STP system is often less costly than operating a dealing desk because the broker saves from the payment of salaries. Unexpected market movements thus do not affect the broker itself.

The STP model translates into fewer headaches for the brokers. They do not have to worry about crucial news releases and unexpected adverse movements in market prices. Much like traders, brokerage firms are also at the whim of market conditions. Nevertheless, it is challenging for a DD broker to make accurate revenue predictions because they can never be absolutely certain when and by how much market prices will move.

This is no issue from the perspective of an STP broker whose revenue normally remains consistent regardless of adverse price movements and poor market conditions. Human errors with order execution are also impossible when a fully automated STP system is in place. Orders via an STP system are filled faster, which leads to a better experience for customers. The STP brokers themselves benefit from these higher levels of client satisfaction.

If customers are pleased with the overall service, they will continue to trade on the respective STP platform, generating consistent revenue for the broker with the help of the markups. The STP model offers tons of advantages to traders as well. We outline the main positives of trading with an STP brokerage below. Unlike market makers, STP brokers do not have to resort to hedging, i.

The STP system ensures higher levels of anonymity because it directly connects traders with the liquidity providers the broker works with. Respectively, this gives customers instant access to more liquidity and better interbank prices. This is especially beneficial from the perspective of scalpers who will not have to deal with issues like slippage and requotes.

It also works to the advantage of news traders. The exposure of a market maker increases beyond certain predetermined levels after important news releases, which may cause them to reject the orders of some customers. A news trader is spared these hassles when trading with an STP broker. STP brokers provide traders with deeper access to the markets. Companies that rely on this model aggregate market prices from multiple providers of liquidity. This translates into better trade execution, more transparency, and more competitive pricing for customers.

When Forex brokers' clients began accumulating experience en masse, a large number of successful traders appeared in the market. When the conflict between brokers and their clients entered a sharp phase, ECN accounts, which excluded the very reason for the conflict, started to gain popularity. ECN brokers were completely transparent and guaranteed every transaction of their clients, but they were still in the minority.

Be that as it may, the cat was out of the bag, and the truth about what a pure market-maker broker really was, could no longer be concealed. The companies practicing such a model had only two ways to keep the interest of their clients: sophisticated promotions and bonuses or switching to the ECN system. However, as it became clear from experience, not all of them chose the latter way.

In the following section, we will try to figure out why some companies are reluctant to follow the progress and what types of Forex brokers are really interested in the functional concept of ECN. Implementation of the ECN model: a valid alternative, and the price of progress Before we talk about what tasks face a company choosing to implement the ECN system, let's break down the concept itself. Probably, the reader already has some understanding of how ECN brokers work, but in the context of this publication, it is important to consider how we look at the problem.

In the ECN-model, liquidity on the trading platform is generated by all participants in the trading network. The process of matching their orders with each other is called internalization because it happens within the platform and is not exposed to external execution. But remember, this is not to be confused with the market maker execution model where the quotations flow is basically imitated, and the other party to the transaction is the broker.

That said, emerging businesses that use the ECN model may not always experience sufficient liquidity inflows to support proper order execution. So what is ECN in a nutshell? The ECN, or electronic communication network model, as a rule, is based on a technological solution, which provides matching orders of all network participants, including banks, centralized platforms, companies providing services on OTC, as well as private clients.

The concept of STP means that the broker sends all orders to external execution without interfering with the process, and all transactions are performed at maximum speed. Brokers generate income from the commissions, or fees that are charged on each client transaction. To manage this process, you need both a technical solution with a matching engine to combine orders, and resources to collaborate with a reliable liquidity provider from the external market.

These two components will ensure that you achieve important goals: provide your platform with commission-free liquidity through internalization, get additional liquidity through connections to external sources, and warehouse the risks of client trades, if necessary. As an example of a solution that includes both of these components, we can consider the TickTrader Liquidity Aggregator. Revenue model Unlike market makers, brokers using electronic communication network scheme do not incur losses from well-performing clients, but there is an emerging view that the fee-based earning model may bring less revenue to a platform with a small and medium number of clients.

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6.1 Difference between ECN, market makers and STP brokers

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