KW was a large electronic valve-based cipher machine for teleprinter signals Modules. designs as machines, computational designs or a category to themselves is a question of terminology. Examples might include: The KW Historical Papers · German Cipher Machines of World War II by David Mowry, NSA · Securing Record Communications: The TSEC/KW by Melville Klein, NSA. SOUTHERN STARS FC BETTING LINES

Naval doctrine calls for warships at sea to maintain radio silence to the maximum extent possible to prevent ships from being located by potential adversaries using radio direction finding. To allow ships to receive messages and orders, the navy broadcast a continuous stream of information, originally in Morse code and later using radioteletype. Messages were included in this stream as needed and could be for individual ships, battle groups or the fleet as a whole.

Each ship's radio room would monitor the broadcast and decode and forward those messages directed at her to the appropriate officer. The KW was designed to automate this process. Each ship had a complement of KWR receivers usually at least two that decrypted the fleet broadcast and fed the output to teleprinter machines.

KWT's were typically located at shore facilities, where high power transmitters were located. The KWR weighed pounds 45 kg and contained some subminiature vacuum tubes , whose leads were soldered to printed circuit boards. Each flip-flop in the KW required three tubes, placing an upper bound on the total number of stages in any shift registers used at Squeezing so much logic in such a small and rugged package was quite a feat in the s. Each KWT filled an entire relay rack with five stacked modules.

A precision time reference occupied the bottom, three key generators stream cyphers in civilian parlance occupied the middle and an alarm panel occupied the top position. The outputs of the three key generators were combined in a voting circuit.

If one of the units' output did not match the other two, an alarm was sounded and the output from the two units that did agree continued to be used. The key was changed every day at hours GMT. The receivers were synchronized to the transmitter at that time.

If a receiver ever got out of sync, say due to a power failure, an operator had to set the current hour and minute on dials on the front panel. The KWR would then "fast forward" through its key stream sequence until synchronization was re-established. Government and, later, by NATO countries. It was developed in the s by the National Security Agency NSA to secure fixed teleprinter circuits that operated 24 hours a day.

A KW system transmitter or receiver contained over cores and approximately 50 vacuum-tube driver circuits, occupying slightly more than one half of a standard inch rack. Most of the space in the rack and most of the 1 kW input power were required for the special-purpose vacuum tube circuits needed to provide compatibility with multiple input and output circuit configurations. The military services' requirements for numerous modes and speeds significantly increased costs and delayed delivery.

NSA says it is doubtful that more than three or four of the possible configurations were ever used. The algorithm produced a continuous stream of bits that were xored with the five bit Baudot teleprinter code to produce ciphertext on the transmitting end and plaintext on the receiving end. In NSA terminology, this stream of bits is called the key. The information needed to initialize the algorithm, what most cryptographers today would call the key, NSA calls a cryptovariable.

Typically each KW was given a new cryptovariable once a day. KW model C; the receiver is at the top, the transmitter at the bottom. Card reader is in upper right of each unit. The operator inserted the daily key card into the CFD and closed the door securely, locking the card in place. Decks of cards were created by NSA and sent by courier.

The cards were strictly accounted for. Because the KW used a stream cipher , if the same key card was ever used twice, the encryption could be broken.

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National Security Agency to protect fleet broadcasts of the U.

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Betting guru calculator	So on the one hand we need a cipher, and on the other have no way to know how strong the various ciphers are. The definition of cryptography implies a contest between a cipher design and unknown opponents, and that means a successful outcome cannot be guaranteed by anyone. Each KG could process one channel of the tone pack; most fleet units had six KG's, larger units even more. Most of the space in the rack and most of the 1 kW input power were required for the special-purpose vacuum tube circuits needed to provide compatibility with multiple input and output circuit configurations. The block diagram below shows how this is done. It consists of 29 green keys and a black space bar.

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