Crypto isakmp identity address
- 12.09.2021
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Likewise, you already must have generated an RSA key pair which is used to sign and verify the identity certificate request. First you'll be prompted for a challenge password. This password serves two purposes: it is used by the CA to control who can request a new certificate and by the CA administrator to revoke a valid certificate. You also have the option of including the router's serial number or IP address in the identity certificate. Once the request has been approved and the identity certificate generated, your router will download the identity certificate automatically.
Example illustrates how to use SCEP to request an identity certificate for your router. You will need to verbally provide this password to the CA Administrator in order to revoke your certificate. For security reasons your password will not be saved in the configuration. Please make a note of it. If the router reboots before the requested identity certificate was installed and saved, you'll need to re-execute the crypto ca enroll command; the same is true for downloading and authenticating the CA certificate: crypto ca authenticate.
Step 8: Verify the Certificate Operation Once you have an identity certificate on the router, the last step is to verify the certificate operation process. The output of this command, shown in Example , displays some of the information found on the CA certificate, in addition to how the trustpoint is configured on the router. The first certificate is the router's identity certificate and the second one is the CA's. This command typically is used if certificates have been revoked on the CA, but you suspect your router doesn't have the most up-to-date CRL.
There are many reasons you might want to delete a certificate, including the following: You need to generate an RSA key pair with a longer or shorter modulus. Your current certificate has expired. Your private key has been compromised. You no longer are using the certificate for authentication functions. To delete a certificate, such as your router's identity certificate, first view the certificate with the show crypto ca certificates command and look for the serial number of the certificate to be revoked.
This takes you into a subcommand mode where you remove the certificate by specifying the serial number of the certificate to be deleted with the no certificate command. Once a certificate is deleted, you can remove its associated RSA key pair with the crypto key zeroize rsa command, discussed earlier in the "Removing RSA Keys" section.
Note Cisco doesn't recommend using SCEP to obtain one certificate and TFTP or cut-and-paste to obtain the other certificate when retrieving the CA and identity certificates; this might create problems when trying to retrieve the second certificate from the CA. However, there are obviously a few differences. Step 4, defining a CA, is slightly different. Next, configure the trustpoint with the crypto ca trustpoint command. This command was discussed previously in the "Step 4: Define a CA" section.
Otherwise, you'll use a local TFTP server. The file specified is the CA's certificate and must be in a base encoding scheme. Also, the router will append ". Next, perform Step 5 as discussed previously in the "Step 5: Download and Authenticate the CA's Certificate" section by executing the crypto ca authenticate command to download and authenticate the CA's certificate from the TFTP server.
You'll need to verify the CA's signature and accept it if valid. Following this, request the router's certificate by executing the crypto ca enroll command, discussed previously in the "Step 6: Request the Router's Identity Certificate" section. The name of the file on the TFTP server will be the file name listed in the enrollment url command followed by ". Give this file to the CA administrator, which then will be used by the CA to create an identity certificate for your router.
Example illustrates the use of this command. As you can see in this example, the router's identity certificate is named "cacert. This reduces the likelihood of another router pulling in your certificate, since there is no authentication or access control with TFTP. Plus, the same file name is used for the CA and identity certificate, like "caserver"; what's unique is the extension: ".
Finally, save your router's certificate information with the copy running-config startup-config command, view the trustpoint with the show crypto ca trustpoint command, and view your router's certificate information with the show crypto ca certificates command steps 7 and 8. Steps 13 are the same as the other two processes for obtaining a certificate. Step 4, defining a CA, is slightly different than the other two, however.
As with the other two, configure the trustpoint with the crypto ca trustpoint command. The main difference is the enrollment terminal command, which specifies that cut-and-paste will be used to obtain the CA's certificate. Once you have defined the CA, in Step 5 you'll execute the crypto ca authenticate command to obtain the CA's certificate.
With cut-and-paste, you'll need to open the file the CA administrator gave you containing the CA's certificate, copy the contents including the beginning and ending lines starting with the dashes "" , and paste it into the router's configuration when prompted.
Once you have pasted the CA certificate into the router, type in quit on a blank line to terminate the cut-and-paste process and to have the router import the CA's certificate. The execution of this command is similar to the other two processes; however, you have the option of displaying the PKCS 10 information to the router's terminal screen, which you want to answer yes.
At the line that states Certificate Request follows, select the information here, copy it, store it in a file, and send it to the administrator of the CA, who will use it to create an identity certificate for your router. After pasting in the certificate, on a blank line type in quit, signifying that this is the end of the cut-and-paste process. The router will validate the certificate and import it. And as with the other two certificate enrollment processes, be sure to save your router's certificate and configuration information to NVRAM and view your certificate information to validate it.
This process is triggered when a trustpoint CA has been configured, but a corresponding CA certificate doesn't exist on the router; plus, when the router's certificate expires, the router automatically will request a new certificate as needed. Of course, the administrator of the CA still might need to approve your router's certificate request via autoenrollment; however, you don't have to do anything to initiate the process from the router side.
Autoenrollment Trustpoint Configuration The configuration of autoenrollment is very similar to the configuration of enrollment for certificates using SCEP. Once you've done this, you now need to configure your trustpoint. The ip-address command specifies the IP address or router interface name which would include that interface's IP address to be included on the certificate; specify the none parameter if you don't want an IP address on the identity certificate.
The serial-number command specifies that the router's serial number should be included in the certificate request; use the none parameter to exclude this from the certificate request. The password command specifies the password to use for revoking passwords, called the challenge password. If you omit this command, the FQDN default key pair is used. If you specify the keying information, once autoenrollment starts, if the specified key label doesn't exist, autoenrollment will create the RSA key pair automatically; you can view the new key pair with the show crypto key mypubkey rsa command.
Note One thing to note is that if you don't configure a specific value that typically is prompted for by the router, you'll still be prompted for these items; therefore, be sure that you configure all command values even if you set it to none so that autoenrollment occurs without any operator intervention. The last step you need to perform in the trustpoint configuration is to enable autoenrollment with the auto-enroll command.
The regenerate parameter specifies that a new RSA key pair should be created for the certificate even if a named key pair already exists. This ensures that when a router's certificate expires and it needs to request a new one, new keys are used instead of the ones from the old certificate. Autoenrollment and the CA Certificate When you're done with the trustpoint configuration with autoenrollment, within a few seconds the IOS will tell you that autoenrollment won't work until you obtain the CA's certificate and authenticate it.
The second option is to add the CA's certificate manually, using the crypto ca certificate chain and certificate ca commands. Wait a few minutes for the autoenrollment process to start and obtain the router's identity certificate. If you're impatient, save your router's configuration and reboot it; upon rebooting, it will obtain its identity certificate.
Autoenrollment Example Now that you understand the basic configuration for autoenrollment, I'll look at a simple configuration in Example that illustrates how to set up autoenrollment. After the trustpoint configuration, the IOS warns you that you must next download and authenticate the CA certificate, which I did with the crypto ca authenticate command. Once this was done, about a minute later the autoenrollment process started with the information I configured under the trustpoint.
Once done, you'll want to use the show crypto ca certificates and show crypto ca trustpoints command to verify that autoenroll did indeed acquire an identity certificate for your router. With CABAC, you can have the router look at specific certificate fields on a certificate and the values associated with them when determining whether or not you'll accept the certificate. CABAC allows you to look at one or more fields on a certificate for an acceptable value s.
The kinds of tests you can perform are: equal to, not equal to, contains, doesn't contain, is less than, and is greater than or equal to, for the contents of a field. If you specify more than one test, all tests on all the specified fields must be true for a match to occur and an action to take place. Another nice feature is that you can specify a field multiple times within CABAC if you are looking for a number of permitted values.
For example, maybe you have a network with a router that handles site-to-site sessions with only a few remote access sessions for administrative functions, where the remote access authentication is handled by an AAA server such as Cisco Secure ACS CSACS. Both the router and use certificates for device authentication. However, you don't want the users to establish IPsec remote access sessions to the router, which they could, by default, because both the router and use certificates from the same CA for device authentication and the same source CSACS for user authentication XAUTH.
In this instance, you can use CABAC to match on the OU field that the network administrators belong to, in addition to the site-to-site connection devices, and thereby exclude all other remote access users. Note The memory and processing required to perform CABAC is minimal and adds very little overhead to the router and certificate verification process. The map can have multiple entries in it, where each entry has a unique sequence number.
Sequence numbers can range from ,, where entries are processed in numerical order. Normally, I use the name of the CA that this will be applied against, but you can use whatever map name you choose just so it is unique among all certificate map names on the router. After executing the crypto ca certificate map command, you are taken into a subcommand mode where you can enter your matching criteria. The first value you enter on a command line is the name of the field on the certificate you're going to match against: subject-name, issuer-name, unstructured-subject-name, alt-subject-name, name, valid-start, and expires-on.
The match certificate command specifies the certificate map configuration you created with the crypto ca certificate map command. At this point, any new IPsec sessions brought up will first be validated using the certificate map. Note The entries in the certificate map are processed in numerical order. Matching on names strings is case-insensitive.
As soon as a match is found for an entry, no further processing occurs. When a match occurs all specific matchings in the entry must match , the peer's certificate will then be validated by checking the authenticity of it with the CA's signature, checking the validity date of the certificate, and checking the revocation status the last is optional.
If a match isn't found in the certificate map, the certificate is automatically considered invalid and device authentication fails. I'll use the example I referred to earlier about limiting IPsec access to the router to just the site-to-site sessions and the remote access network administrators, all of which are using certificates for device authentication. Example shows the configuration of the router.
The first entry 10 allows only a certificate that was issued by "caserver" where the Common Name CN is "ra. Entry 20 matches on the second L2L peer. Entry 30 only looks for matches on certificates issued by "caserver" where the OU field is "netadmins," which represents the group name of the network administrator group.
As you can see in this example, if there is not a match on these three entries, the remote peer will fail device authentication with certificates. If you are using CRLs and a peer's serial number is listed in the CRL, by default, your router will invalidate the peer's certificate, causing authentication to fail.
Likewise, if your router's date is beyond the expiration date on a peer's certificate, your router will invalidate the peer's certificate, causing authentication to fail. With the certificate ACL feature, you can create exceptions to these cases. This is useful, for instance, if your router's battery for its clock dies and always comes up with an incorrect date such as or Even using NTP, the router's NTP process only allows incremental changes in the time, so it might take a long time for the router to synchronize its time with the NTP server.
In this situation, if a peer's certificate says the validation dates are from November 30, to November 30, and the current day is November 19, , the certificate is obviously valid; however, when your router, with the bad clock battery, boots up, it might have a date of March 1, Obviously the router would think the peer's certificate is invalid, when in reality it is valid.
The real remedy to this problem is to replace the router's clock battery. In the interim, though, you can use the certificate ACL feature to allow the router to accept the certificate based on an "invalid" date. Creating the matching rules for certificates to be allowed Applying the matching rules to a trustpoint with the type of exception allowed To create your match rules, you need to create a certificate map with your rules embedded within the map using the crypto ca certificate map discussed in the last section.
The skip revocation-check parameter causes the router to ignore a serial number found in a CRL for matching certificates found in the certificate map. The skip authorization-check parameter specifies that the AAA check of a certificate is skipped when certificates with an AAA server are configured. In this example, assume that the clock battery on a has died and you have ordered a replacement. In the meantime, every time you cold-boot your router, it comes up with the wrong time and you have to change the time of the router manually to something close to what the NTP server is advertising to speed up the time-synchronization process.
This has become a hassle because this router at a remote site periodically loses power and reboots. Using an Uninterrupted Power Supply would help simplify the problem, but the budget at the remote office didn't allow for it. This whole process has created a headache for you, because to administer the router, typically you do it through an IPsec L2L session from the corporate office; but in this case, the remote office's is invalidating the corporate office's certificate because the router's time always states March 1, when it boots up.
As a temporary fix to this problem, you've decided to exempt the corporate office's router certificate from expiration on the remote office's router. Example shows an example of what the remote office's router configuration would look like.
In this example, the 's certificate r Of course, once you replace the clock battery on the , I would remove this configuration on the router. This can present problems if the router fails and must be replaced, or if you buy a newer model router to replace an old one: you can't use the same certificate because you can't copy the RSA private key to the new router. In this situation, you would have to generate a new RSA key pair on the new router and acquire a new certificate.
Cisco realizes that this can create problems in certain situations. For example, in a failover configuration, two routers should have the same certificate and keys, otherwise the failover won't be seamless. Likewise, if you accidentally remove the wrong RSA key pair on a router, you would have to revoke the router's current certificate and generate new keys and a certificate request to allow for certificate authentication to proceed. You can use the method described in this section to place the same RSA key pair on all routers and then allow your management station s to use the same public key to encrypt traffic to the routers, simplifying the management of RSA key pairs.
Generate an RSA key pair to one router and export it to all other routers; then take the public key and configure it on the SSH client. Plus, once a key pair is created, you cannot change whether or not it can be exportable. Example shows an example of two key pairs: one exportable and one not. The passphrase parameter is used to encrypt the PKCS 12 file that will have the exported keys.
You must use the same passphrase value when importing the keys so as to decrypt them. This process protects the keys from unauthorized access. The passphrase can be any combination of characters, numbers, and special characters with the exception of "? Note The passphrase you enter for exporting and importing is not saved on the routerif you forget the phrase, you will not be able to import an encrypted PKCS 12 with your router's key pair.
Caution When setting up exportable keys and certificates, anyone who has level 15 access on the router can export this information, which might create a security issue. If you are concerned about this, configure AAA on your router with accounting enabled for command execution; then you can determine who exported any keying material and when they did it. Once you do this, you will still need to configure the router with the correct commands to interact with the CA, if necessary. You could easily copy the configuration of the original router and select and paste the correct router CA commands into the new router.
The default is SHA This example configures MD5. The default is preshared keys. This example configures RSA signatures. The default is Group 2. This example configures Group 5. This examples sets a lifetime of 4 hours seconds. The default is seconds 24 hours.
Typically this is the outside, or public interface. Both provide the same services, but aggressive mode requires only two exchanges between the peers totaling 3 messages, rather than three exchanges totaling 6 messages. Aggressive mode is faster, but does not provide identity protection for the communicating parties.
Therefore, the peers must exchange identification information prior to establishing a secure SA. Aggressive mode is enabled by default. To disable ISAKMP in aggressive mode, enter the following command: crypto isakmp am-disable For example: hostname config crypto isakmp am-disable If you have disabled aggressive mode, and want to revert to back to it, use the no form of the command.
For example: hostname config no crypto isakmp am-disable Note Disabling aggressive mode prevents Cisco VPN clients from using preshared key authentication to establish tunnels to the security appliance. This name comprises the hostname and the domain name. Key ID Uses the string the remote peer uses to look up the preshared key. The security appliance uses the Phase I ID to send to the peer.
The default setting is hostname. This feature is disabled by default. IPsec over TCP, if enabled, takes precedence over all other connection methods. The default is 20 seconds. For example, enter the following command to enable NAT-T and set the keepalive to one hour. Note This feature does not work with proxy-based firewalls.
IPsec over TCP works with remote access clients. It is a client to security appliance feature only. If you enter a well-known port, for example port 80 HTTP or port HTTPS , the system displays a warning that the protocol associated with that port no longer works on the public interface. The consequence is that you can no longer use a browser to manage the security appliance through the public interface.
The default port is You must configure TCP port s on the client as well as on the security appliance. The client configuration must include at least one of the ports you set for the security appliance. To enable IPsec over TCP globally on the security appliance, enter the following command: crypto isakmp ipsec-over-tcp [port port To enable waiting for all active sessions to voluntarily terminate before the security appliance reboots, enter the following command: crypto isakmp reload-wait For example: hostname config crypto isakmp reload-wait Use the reload command to reboot the security appliance.
If you set the reload-wait command, you can use the reload quick command to override the reload-wait setting. The reload and reload-wait commands are available in privileged EXEC mode; neither includes the isakmp prefix.
Group 7 Elliptical curve field size is bits.
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| Trading azionario o forex peace | The password encryption aes command performs the actual encryption of your router's pre-shared keys. In most products, each certificate is assigned a unique serial number, which then is used to differentiate among different certificates. If you do not specify the type of key, it defaults to signature. The match certificate command specifies the certificate map configuration you created with the crypto ca certificate map command. You no longer are using the certificate for authentication functions. |
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