An Overview of Market Chop Index™: Chaos Theory & Price Action If you are trading a basket of stocks, ETFs, futures or FOREX, you can determine. Liquidity shortages: theoretical underpinnings. JEAN TIROLE, Toulouse School of Economics 53 absorbed the losses without too much dislocation. Stocks, Forex, Gold & Futures The snappily named app from there are also various apps to let you try out your theories. THE DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY INVESTING BUSINESSWEEK

But the ultra-loose cycle always ends in tears when the policy is reversed, often leading to massive currency crises in emerging markets. With the Federal Reserve paving the way for its first rate hike, we can only predict tough times ahead for emerging markets. The first signs are already in place but it is still not too late to act and protect portfolio profits. I Just Cut the Interest Rate… Since the beginning of , the only business model followed by central banks around the world has been that of cutting interest rates.

Asian emerging economies have been particularly busy on the matter, with Singapore, Indonesia, China, Thailand, India and South Korea being just a few examples in a long list of countries following that path — and many of them taking markets by surprise. With the price level under control and record high capital inflows emanating from the zero-yield, developed world, these countries had an epic opportunity to cut rates and regain some economic strength through competitive exchange rate devaluations.

In normal times, they would need to keep relatively high interest rates to avoid downward spiralling currency depreciations and the consequent uncontrolled rise in prices, but with major central banks around the world keeping very low interest rates and oil prices plunging, these countries were able to tweak their original business model in their favour. From a level of 3. According to IMF data, emerging markets have been experiencing a surge in capital flows from the industrialised world in recent years.

With the advent of negative interest rates in some European countries and the consequent crash in yields, many investors from Europe have been contributing to this trend, which pushes the currencies of these countries higher and helps to sustain abnormally low interest rates. These countries should distinguish productive capital, which is long lasting and stimulates growth, from hot money flows, which just keeps looking for the best yields and disappears overnight.

During recent years, emerging economies have received inflows from many international institutions aimed at building infrastructure, but the bulk of the movement has been speculative in nature and is expected to reverse some time soon. If the reaction to a hint of a deceleration in easing is huge, just imagine what would happen when the threat of higher interest rates crystallises into real action.

Brazil, the second largest emerging economy, is walking on very thin ice, and has been shaken by a mix of political scandals and a stronger dollar. Even though one cannot forget the political issues involved in the current picture, the rising dollar is still largely responsible for the looming crisis. At a time when economic growth is fading and with country-specific reforms having been postponed, the odds for an emerging markets collapse are very high.

During the last few years, many companies in emerging countries borrowed funds in US dollars, as they were seduced by a mix of a depressed dollar and an ultra low interest rate. The rising dollar presses Brazil in two ways. Firstly, as commodities are quoted in US dollars in international markets, a rising dollar often means declining commodity prices.

For a country so heavily dependent on commodity exports, GDP growth is severely affected by such a decline. When their home currency gets pressured these companies will find it difficult to repay the loans. India is an example of a country that will eventually face such a situation. The Reserve Bank of India does not seem to acknowledge the problem as they joined the group of countries cutting interest rates this year.

With a highly indebted corporate sector, the rupee will be one of the first currencies to be pressed, which will force the central bank into action if it is to avert a collapse. But the exchange rate between the dollar and the Mexican peso is quickly appreciating.

For now, many still predict a further rate cut of 25 bps, which seems ever more unlikely for me, especially given the likely scenario of rate increases in the US. Final Comments Declining global US dollar liquidity growth mixed with falling commodity prices are the necessary ingredients for an emerging markets crisis. For now the emerging markets world seems very quiet and the main equity indices are still not showing any severe weakness, as plunging oil prices have helped contain production costs in many of these countries and European QE has offset some of the fears over Federal Reserve tightening.

But I expect the current trend to be reversed very quickly as the first rate hike in the US approaches. The pressure in South America is already visible and should serve as a preview for what the future holds for the other countries. Instead of allowing malinvestments to be liquidated, central banks keep adding credit to a bankrupt system. But such a system is unable to generate any wealth and only looks temporarily profitable due to the artificially low interest rates set by central banks.

When monetary policy ultimately returns to some kind of normality, the problem will by then be bigger than ever, albeit shuffled to a different place… that place is now the emerging markets. My favourite was to spread bet is to find some shares trading in a range which they repeat time and time again. Utilitywise UTW has been establishing a range of p.

Recently, a buy anywhere around the p followed by a sell in the p area has been paying dividends. There is rock solid support for the share at just under a tenner and it runs out of steam near the p mark. Often it will take a statement, results or a contract win to push the shares out of the range one way or the other. The plan with Utilitywise could be the following: If it falls below the p area, something is wrong and that could be shorted down further.

However, a break much above the p area could see the good times roll and a move back up to the p area. Once it moves it can quite quickly go up points, which is fantastic for a spread bet. A stop at p would prevent any major damage being done. This one established a range of p over the last sixmonths or so.

Indeed, Dominos has been a splendid trading range share for years with an underlying uptrend. The last six months have seen a super range of p-ish to p-ish or p-ish, and it has repeated this a number of times, giving traders many a chance to bank profits. Like the others, there is potential for further gains should it break up out of its range. So any move above p would be a very strong signal for a big and possibly quick move up to the p mark.

Happy trading! Robbie Before you go, why not get the latest copy of my book The naked Trader, which has just been published! The book updates The Naked Trader 3 which I wrote in — a lot has happened in the market since then and I cover all the changes. There are tons of ideas, trader stories, psychology, biggest trading mistakes and 20 trading strategies to make money.

To get The Naked Trader 4, click the link at my website www. To put it in simple words so we can really drill down to the core of it: is the FTSE headed higher over the medium term or not? I will keep this plain and tidy because I know that many readers will find this analysis helpful.

So here goes. Now if we take each of these forces and detail how we expect them to affect the FTSE over the next few weeks, we will get a good indication of its outlook, right? It has declined against the US Dollar, and I think it will continue to do so, but at the same time it has appreciated versus the Euro, and I believe this trend will also continue, especially with the Euro-zone now undergoing another easing programme.

So to sum it up, I expect the Pound to remain flat on average against the other currencies. The Fed will most likely pull the trigger some time after June, so no rate change from the BoE is expected either before that. Hence we can count that as a precursor towards further gains for the FTSE , at least until the BoE becomes more serious about a rate hike. But what about the US stock market and its correlation with the domestic stock index? It is true that the FTSE takes its cue from the US markets most of the time, as investment sentiment is a global affair nowadays.

The verdict? So keeping score we find that two out of the three important forces weighing on the FTSE suggest a further climb and one of them is neutral. Our conclusion should therefore be that the FTSE seems more likely to break into fresh highs and take advantage of this low-rates environment for as long as it lasts. He has written over columns for the Financial Times and presented his own investment show on Bloomberg TV for three years.

Today, we are looking at refusing to crystallize trading losses, the irreparable damage this can cause to your trading account let alone to your soul , and how you can avoid this. As I hope all of you realize, when one trades or invests, one should always accept the risk of incurring losses. Not every trade will be a winning trade; some trades are going to be unsuccessful and they will come at a monetary cost. It may be down now, you tell yourself, but if I hold on to it for long enough, and take enough pain watching it move against me, I will eventually be proved right, it will make me money… eventually.

Now I am not here to dispute the basis of 56 www. As you may know, according to mean reversion theory, financial assets like bonds or stocks tend to trade within a price range for relatively long periods of time, and as such, do eventually return to the mean. However, there are a few problems with taking the above assumption too much to heart.

Problem 1 Financial assets do NOT always mean revert within a reasonable period of time. Above is a chart of their Yield over the last 10 years. Just to spice things up a bit, let me add a short personal story. There was a time when I used to trade German bond futures of different maturities.

As can been seen from the chart, the 10year German bond yield has been falling since late to an extent. All this time, its price has been rising, not in a straight line nothing does in markets but nevertheless indisputably in this case, price has been moving up for the last eight years now. This means that you could have shorted the 10 year Government Bond or as would be the case its related Futures at any point over the last seven years, and still be waiting in vain for its rising price to mean revert.

As you can see, to this day, it has NOT reverted back to its pre levels. Of course, it may do… eventually, but even if you had the financial resources of a large institution, it is rather unlikely that you could or should have stayed with this trade. The Bund Futures rallied. Now, I could have waited to this day for the price to come back to my entry, but I can ensure you that it would have been in vain. Luckily, instead I just took a loss on that same day, and moved on.

And this is exactly what you should do too when a trade really does not work. Problem 2 Any financial asset can take longer to mean revert assuming it one day does than you can remain liquid for. It IS true. So even if you are determined to be proved right via holding your current lossmaking positions into the future, there is a huge probability that after some point you will no longer be liquid enough to hold on to anything. Some of these companies never discover oil, or at least not enough oil, and one day go bankrupt.

If it is, may I please remind you that the markets hardly ever stay merciful for long enough with any trader or investor that does not control his or her ego?! Until next month, Happy trading everyone! Problem 3 Even if you are liquid enough to hold on to bad positions for prolonged periods of time, doing so is definitely not the best use of your available trading capital.

No one has unlimited resources. So why waste yours by tying up your money in loss-making positions? You are much better off crystallizing your losses at the right time, and using your capital in order to make money elsewhere. Typical portfolios primarily comprise of UK and European equities and equity indices, and, to a lesser extent, commodities and fixed income exposure. For 13 years, Master Investor has brought together investors, entrepreneurs, listed companies and noted experts.

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He manages the Diverse Income Trust plc, as well as Miton Group plc, the independent listed fund management group. Sir Steven Redgrave, five times Olympic Gold Medallist and sporting icon, will speak about the factors that led to his success both in sport and business - and reveal the investment opportunity with which he is currently involved!

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An ever present and ever popular speaker at Master Investor is Simon april www. These problems apply to many SMEs too, such as small hotels. The target price, once launched, will be GBP10 per radiator and it is possible to start with just one radiator or about GBP for a typical household, leading to a financial payback within one winter. In the UK the total addressable market is around million radiators.

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Glisser has developed an app that socialises presentations. It then enables members of the audience to interact with the presenter or each other, and collects valuable feedback. Attendees can also electronically mark-up the slides with notes, and keep them for future reference. All attendees will receive a download link for the app ahead of the event and we encourage everyone to try out the app themselves.

UP is a crowdfunding supermarket, allowing you to invest across all your favourite crowd-funding sites using just one account, to accumulate one centralised portfolio. Those securities can be public sector or private sector securities. All newly created money, when used to acquire public sector securities, for whatever public interest purpose, will inflate government.

The buying of securities with newly created money to be held on the FED balance sheet is the act of monetary inflation. These twin inflations of government and the corporate sector must by its very nature inflate the prices of government assets and inflate the prices of corporate assets. The inflation of government assets manifests as declining securities yield or declining bond yields which stand in an inverse relationship to the price of those securities, hence the result is an inflation of the value of government securities.

Complete the circle and it is obvious that government growth is greatly enhanced by the lower yield and the higher price of government securities. Government can exponentially increase its debt growth rather than having to use taxes to fund that growth.

Its assets held increases automatically to the extent that it engages in money creation. Central Banks have no income per se, they live off the income received on the assets which they purchase through money creation.

The more money creation, the greater the Central Bank income, that is provided interest rates do not fall to zero or beyond as we see with the negative European interest rates. The consequence is that there is a systemic higher government growth dislocation built into the process.

That systemic dislocation also becomes more excessive as more inflationary money creation takes place and the longer it is maintained. Corporate assets are inflated when the Central Bank engages in buying private sector, corporate sector securities. The growth principle is the same. The corporate sector growth is artificially stimulated by the cheap money and as a spin-off, artificially enhanced profitability. The outcome is the same as with government inflation, the systemic dislocation also becomes more excessive as more inflationary money creation takes place and the longer the money creation is maintained, inflating corporate debt and share prices alike.

None of these dislocations can be sustained without ever increasing monetary inflation. The inflationary money creation is deployed throughout the economy as an increase in the supply of credit. Interest rates are the price of credit and adding newly created money from an external source will artificially add more credit supply which will then push the price of credit down, i. In modern monetary management that supply of credit is channeled with an objective to minimize the impact on consumer prices while actively targeting asset price inflation.

The extreme money creation of was deliberately channeled into reflating asset prices as well as providing easy liquidity for government bond issuances. The FED and all other Central Banks digitally created money out of thin air and bought government securities and corporate securities while also channeling liquidity to the banking sector to keep it afloat secured often by assets of dubious quality. The supply of fresh digitally created credit originating from the Central Bank then increases the available supply of credit which suppresses the price of credit, i.

It is the same money expansion process going back to the very beginning of the history of the use of money even though the methods differed relative to the money used. The money created always ended up in the hands of governments to spend or distribute. The digital money creation flowed to government when the FED bought government securities with it, similar to when the Roman Empire increased coins in its treasury holdings through debasement, melting gold coins down and mixing it with copper.

Modern Central Banks have a much easier process of just creating it with a keyboard. The axes of control in managing monetary inflations is the Central Bank, the government and the primary dealer banks. That was the case in and it still is the case today. The reality of the present money creation expansions can thus be traced to the interest rate cycles since surprisingly July The next drop is from The objective is to tap all economic advancement but without causing any increase in the general level of prices for the longer the inflation of a general increase in prices persist the longer interest rates must remain elevated.

Higher interest rates reduce the budgets and spending powers of governments, and it is something extremely disliked by politicians. This period advances trace back to the development of computers, the internet, international standardization, micro chips and miniaturization of computer technologies and others, sustainable energy, globalization of manufacturing and supply channels, globalized specialization, and many more in an almost endless list.

The next down cycle in Dec took the rate down from 6. The 2nd last down cycle was to drop the rate from 5. The final down cycle saw the rate cut right down to zero where it has been languishing since the start of the COVID crisis in early The first monetary asset inflation crash after happened in but was cured by dropping the interest rates and pumping a real estate bubble of epic proportions with ever expanding monetary inflation.

Monetary inflation was channeled to banks who were encouraged to expand mortgage lending. Securitization of mortgage loans facilitated this process beautifully. Newly created money could be channeled into securitized mortgage securities, which in turn could be bought by the Central Bank and held on balance sheet, and initiate yet another dislocation. Home ownership was preached and combined with the advantages of lower mortgage rates and an almost infinite supply of newly created mortgage credit, it generated rising real estate prices and unbridled growth in real estate assets.

The dislocation in the real estate market assets was much more sensitive to interest rate increases and started to unwind as soon as the interest rates increased. Once again, the solution was to use, now bazooka class, monetary inflations combined with dropping interest rates to the zero bound. Treasury and the FED, as in , worked the bazooka together and as in they also acted in concert with all the other major central banks globally.

But now Paulson is readying the bazooka, because the markets didn't respond as hoped. Shares in the companies bounced back from multiyear lows in recent weeks, but bond markets have not regained confidence in Fannie and Freddie. What class of monetary stimulation will be required to stem the tide?

This monetary inflation and stable prices formula ideally requires a period of economic advancement, the larger the better, which will shield against general price increases and hide the inflation. The curse of this formula is the one way-ticket of this policy.

Every cycle of monetary inflation drives the interest rates lower and totally perverts the pricing of credit and its distribution throughout the economy while governments as well as the asset markets become entirely dependent on the Central Bank liquidity provisions.

Someone else must buy and hold all those securities yet at zero interest rates who would want to in the absence of Central Bank buying which at least generated capital profits for holders of similar securities. The moment when the Central Bank steps aside and say that the market must now buy and hold those securities is the moment when the crash risk clock start ticking.

Interest rates start to increase, and losses start to accumulate on all those government debt securities issued at fixed yields. This is where nobody really wants the long-dated debt securities which fuels further increases in yield and more capital losses long dated debt assets lose value when those interest rates increase.

It then initiates a vicious negative cycle. That all happens before we get to the point where the Central Bank undertakes to actually reduce the size of its balance sheet which is where we are about right now. Asset prices have been inflating at exponential rates. The most perplexing result of the monetary inflation is how the global economy escaped the other inflation, the general increase in prices, effect.

Controlling where the monetary inflation was deployed explains it as well as driving interest rates to the zero bound. The FED outcompeted with newly created money in hand in the market for government securities which obviously absorbed a good portion of the newly created money and made corporate debt more attractive, channeling money towards the corporate sector of the economy. The ROI in simplified terms means how much profit can be made by making the investment vis a vis the cost of funding that investment.

This accentuates the importance of interest rates in decision making about investments. This is where these cycles of monetary inflation generated a similar effect as in

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